Showing posts with label Mental Capacity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mental Capacity. Show all posts

Sunday, October 11, 2020

Hunger Strikes in Prison: The Legal Issues

 

I contributed a paper on "Hunger Strikes in Prison: the Legal Issues" to a University College Cork conference this week.

The conference was "Terence MacSwiney, Cork Men’s Gaol, and the Political Hunger Strike, 1920-2020" and it was organised by the School of History.

My paper draws on themes discussed in this paper: Gautam Gulati, Darius Whelan, Eimear Spain, David Meagher & Colum Dunne, ‘Hunger Strikes in Prison: a Legal Perspective for Psychiatrists’ (2019) 36 Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 55.  

My slides for the paper are available here.



Thursday, June 21, 2018

Mental Health and Capacity Law Conference 2018

The Centre for Criminal Justice and Human Rights, School of Law, University College Cork and Irish Mental Health Lawyers Association held their 2018 conference on Mental Health Law and Capacity Law in UCC on Saturday 12 May 2018.

Topics discussed included Recent Developments in Mental Health Law, Dealing with Capacity Issues in Practice, and Children and the Mental Health Act 2001.

Ms Katharine Kelleher, Partner,  Comyn Kelleher Tobin, Solicitors, Cork, spoke on  ‘Section 25  Mental Health Act 2001 in practice from a legal perspective'. Ms Kelleher outlined how children with mental disorders are detained in approved centres by the District Court.  She discussed the evidence required at these court hearings and issues such as what happens when the children reach the age of 18. 

Ms Freda McKittrick, Head of Barnardos Guardian ad Litem Service:   ‘Catching or Falling? The experience of working with children in the Mental Health and Child Care Systems’. 
In this paper, Ms McKittrick outlined what works for children with mental health issues: continuity of service, structural integration of services, and where services are well established and prepared to manage risk.

Dr Anne Jeffers, Consultant Psychiatrist, spoke about the College of Psychiatrists of Ireland REFOCUS Group.  REFOCUS is the Recovery Experience Forum of Carers and Users of Services. REFOCUS is made up of 10 people with experience of mental illness, and ten people who had family members who used the services. The aim of the forum is to actively engage with the College of Psychiatrists, in order to improve the education of psychiatrists, and thereby improve mental health services. 

Dr Lisa Butterly, Historian:   ‘A Jury of My Peers’. 
Dr Butterly said she feels resentful of how poorly Ireland treats people with schizophrenia.  She highlighted the stigma attached to schizophrenia and noted that stigma bypasses self-determination, destroys self-esteem and destroys self-identity. 

Ms Brid Breathnach, Deputy Official Solicitor and Senior Civil Litigation Lawyer, Office of the Official Solicitor, London: ‘Serious medical treatment applications in the Court of Protection in England and Wales - a practitioner's perspective’:
Ms Breathnach said that the use of independent experts was an important safeguard in medical treatment cases. She spoke about recent cases in the Court of Protection, including cases concerning termination of pregnancy and persons in a vegetative state.

Mr Michael Lynn, Senior Counsel:  ‘Recent Developments in Mental Health Law’: 
Mr Lynn discussed important cases such as  A.B. v. Clinical Director of St. Loman’s Hospital,
Court of Appeal, 2018, where the court declared that s.15(3) of the Mental Health Act 2001 is unconstitutional.  The declaration stands suspended until November 2018.

Ms Áine Hynes, Partner, St. John Solicitors, Dublin:  ‘Dealing with Capacity Issues in Practice - Recent Developments’: 
Ms Hynes discussed how the High Court's wardship jurisdiction has become more flexible in recent years.  She also noted that a solicitor has a special duty of care in respect of vulnerable clients, and that a family member cannot give instructions to a solicitor for another family member lacking in mental capacity.

The conveners of the conference were Dr Darius Whelan, School of Law, UCC and Ms Joan Doran, Solicitor, Chairperson of the Irish Mental Health Lawyers Association.

Videos and slides from the conference are available at
https://www.ucc.ie/academic/law/docs/mentalhealth/conferences/




Wednesday, March 16, 2016

Legal Capacity Conference, UCC, Saturday 9 April 2016





Centre for Criminal Justice & Human Rights, School of Law, University College Cork and
Irish Mental Health Lawyers Association

Legal Capacity Conference 2016

Saturday 9 April 2016
10.00 a.m. to 2.00 p.m.
Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, Room G10
University College Cork

Speakers and chairs include:


  • Professor Peter Bartlett, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust Professor of Mental Health Law, University of Nottingham   
  • Ms Louise Loughlin, National Manager, National Advocacy Service for People with Disabilities 
  • Dr Alan Corkery, Consultant Psychiatrist in Rehabilitation Psychiatry, North Cork Mental Health Services 
  • Professor Mary Donnelly, School of Law, University College Cork  
  • Ms Áine Hynes, Partner, St. John Solicitors  

Conference Convenors:
Dr Darius Whelan, School of Law, UCC and Ms Joan Doran, Solicitor, Chair, Irish Mental Health Lawyers Association

- Conference Fee - €80  
- NGOs €30
- Academics - €30
- Devilling barristers and trainee solicitors - €30
- Full-time students – Free
- UCC Staff – No charge

Further Information from Ms Noreen Delea, Events Manager, School of Law, UCC, tel: (021) 4903220, email n.delea@ucc.ie.

Four CPD Hours available

http://imhla.ie/events/2016/3/10/ucc-09april2016

Link to book online:
http://www.uccconferencing.ie/product/legal-capacity-conference-2016/





Thursday, August 01, 2013

Ireland's Assisted Decision-Making (Capacity) Bill 2013



The new Assisted Decision-Making (Capacity) Bill 2013 was finally published on 17 July.  This Bill has been a long time in development; previously Heads of a Bill had been published in 2008 but this is the first formal Bill published on the topic.

The Bill is a product of the Department of Justice and Equality, while mental health legislation such as the Mental Health Act 2001 is produced by the Department of Health.  It is unfortunate that joined up thinking between government Departments is difficult, because at times Departments work in silos without detailed enough reference to each other (and I know, universities are indeed  the same).

The Bill has already been the subject of a good deal of summary and commentary, and I include a list of useful links to other blog postings, etc., at the end of this item.

The following main points strike me as the discussion on the Bill commences:

There is no explicit reference to "best interests" and this is a major advance on the 2008 Heads of the Bill.  The "best interests" principle has been interpreted in such a paternalistic manner by the Irish courts that it would have been unworkable in the Capacity Bill.  What's more, it's out of step with modern thinking on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).

The CRPD is explicitly recognised in the functions of the Public Guardian (s.56).

It is a real pity that the Bill does not establish multidisciplinary tribunals for dealing with applications regarding lack of capacity, etc.  A three-person tribunal similar to the Mental Health Tribunals would be a more suitable forum than the Circuit Court for resolution of these issues.

The Bill does not fully resolve the issue of people who lack capacity and are admitted to a residential centre on a "voluntary" basis but are de facto detained in the centre.  This is an issue which arises in the mental health context (and is being addressed by the Steering Group on the Mental Health Act) but also in other residential settings such as nursing homes, social care institutions and centres for people with disabilities.  Ireland is not directly tackling the problem of the "Bournewood gap" and ECHR case-law such as H.L. v UK; Stanev v Bulgaria; D.D. v Lithuania and other cases.

The Bill creates forms of substitute decision-making, most clearly with the court appointment of a Decision-Making Representative (ss.23-27).  Because of Article 12 of the CRPD (which Ireland has not yet ratified), regimes of substitute decision-making should be avoided as much as possible and this Bill may not go far enough to comply properly with the CRPD (for more detailed critique on this aspect see blog posts by  Eilionóir Flynn and Lucy Series).

The Bill does not provide for automatic legal representation in any category of case.  Instead, the person will need to apply for legal aid through the civil legal aid legislation.  This contrasts sharply with the automatic representation under the Mental Health Act 2001.

The rules on informal decision-making (ss.53-54) need to be much tighter as there is a real danger that these will be abused in practice.  The experience with the interpretation of the definition of the word "voluntary" in the Mental Health Act 2001 shows that sections of this kind can have major unintended consequences.

Existing wards of court will not have their cases reviewed for a period which may take as much as three years (see s.35).  In the case of children, this period may (in theory) even be longer.

While "welfare" is defined in the Bill to include healthcare decisions for some purposes (see s.25(a)(vii) and s.41(2)(b)) it is unclear if it includes healthcare decisions in other situations.

The Public Guardian will be appointed by the Courts Service (s.55).  The Minister for Justice and Equality will need to approve the Office of Public Guardian's codes of practice (s.63(5)).  It would be better if the office were renamed to replace the paternalistic word "guardian".  In addition, perhaps the office should be on a more independent basis, like an ombudsman or other independent office.

It would be helpful if the Bill included a requirement that the courts provide written reasons for all of their decisions, and that these reasons be published on an anonymised basis.  This would provide real  transparency for the public, legal practitioners and civil society.


OTHER MATERIAL ON THE BILL

Press release - Department of Justice and Equality - Minister Alan Shatter and Minister Kathleen Lynch  

Blog post - Mary Donnelly, UCC

Blog post - Eilionóir Flynn, NUI Galway

Blog post - Lucy Series, NUI Galway

Joint Press Release from Civil Society Organisations

Irish Times Article - John Costello, Consultant at Beauchamps

Press Release from Irish Mental Health Lawyers Association

Press release from NUI Galway’s Centre for Disability Law and Policy

Press Release from Inclusion Ireland